The application of the “real and substantial connection” test for enforcement of foreign judgments was further clarified by the Ontario Court of Appeal in a recent decision, part of a bitter and protracted legal battle over nearly $10 billion in environmental damages caused by the operations of Texaco (later acquired by the defendant Chevron) in Ecuador. The Court reaffirmed that the test only applies to the subject of the litigation and the court issuing the judgment; there is no secondary inquiry into the connection between the subject matter and the court enforcing the foreign judgment. As a result, the plaintiffs, residents of rural Ecuador harmed ... [more] Full article